Many people who suffered emotional abuse as children show feelings of hopelessness, poor self-esteem, reduced sense of social support, poor satisfaction with life, neurobiological changes in stress response systems, and structural and functional brain deficits; they are also at a heightened risk of developing ...

Such injury is considered abuse regardless of whether the caregiver intended to hurt the child or youth. Physical discipline, such as spanking or paddling, is not considered abuse as long as it is reasonable and causes no bodily injury to the child or youth.

Child welfare systems typically receive and investigate reports of possible child abuse and neglect; provide services to families that need assistance in the safety and care of their children; arrange for children to live with relatives or with foster families when they are not safe at home; and arrange for ...

CPS cannot remove a child without court approval. The court will review the case and determine if the claim is warranted. Only the police can remove children immediately if there is imminent danger. Police can hold children for up to 72 hours.